The Politics of Electoral Systems

Electoral systems matter. They are a crucial link in the chain connecting the preferences of citizens to the policy choices made by governments. They are chosen by political actors and, once in existence, have political consequences for those actors. They are an important object of study for anyone interested in the political process. This book is a systematic analysis of electoral systems.

In addition to comparative chapters, the book contains full accounts of the operation of electoral systems in 22 countries: in addition to 11 from Western Europe, the book includes: Hungary, Russia, Australia, Canada, India, the USA, Japan, New Zealand, Israel, Chile and South Africa.

The book provides detailed analyses of the operation of a diverse set of electoral systems in their national context. Each chapter explains how the electoral system really works in the given country, examining the strategic incentives the system provides to voters, candidates, and parties. All country chapters have a common format and structure. Successive sections analyze: the institutional context; how each electoral system was chosen historically; how the current electoral system operates (the rules, mechanics, and ballot structure); and the political consequences of the current system (the impact on the party system, the internal life of parties, and the impact on parliament and government formation). Each country chapter then contains a final section which focuses on the politicization of electoral institutions. In recent years many countries have changed their electoral systems, either entirely or in part so there is a strong focus on the processes of electoral reform, both historically and prospectively. The book concentrates on the real world 'politics', as well as the 'political science' of electoral systems.

The book will be of interest to those concerned with the practical political business of electoral reform. The book contains a wealth of evidence about the performance of various kinds of proportional representation and of non-PR systems. This will be invaluable for anyone interested in the question: 'What would be the best electoral system for my country?

ISBN-13: 9780199238675

Media Type: Paperback

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Publication Date: 03-23-2008

Pages: 688

Product Dimensions: 9.15(w) x 6.22(h) x 1.48(d)

Michael Gallagher is Professor of Comparative Politics at Trinity College, University of Dublin. He has also been a visiting Professor at New York University and at City University of Hong Kong. His research has covered various aspects of elections, electoral systems and political parties in a comparative context. Paul Mitchell graduated with a PhD in political science from the European University Institute, in Florence, Italy. After teaching at University College Galway and Queen's University Belfast, he joined the LSE in 2000 where he teaches party competition and research methods. During 2000/01 Mitchell was a Fulbright Distinguished Scholar at Harvard University. He is currently working on an ESRC funded study of the 2003 elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly.

Table of Contents

Foreword, Arend LijphartPart 1: Introduction: Electoral Systems and Electoral Systems Research1. Introduction to Electoral Systems, Michael Gallagher and Paul Mitchell2. Comparative Electoral Systems Research: The Maturation of a Field and New Challenges Ahead, Matthew Søberg Shugart3. Why are There so many (or so few) Electoral Reforms?, Richard S. KatzPart 2: Single-Member Constituency Systems4. Australia: The Alternative vote in a Compliant Political Culture, David M. Farrell and Ian McAllister5. Canada: Sticking to First-past-the-Post, for the Time Being, Louis Massicotte6. France: Stacking the Deck, Robert Elgie7. India: Two-Party Contests Within a Multi-Party System, Anthony Heath, Siana Glouharova, and Oliver Heath8. United Kingdom: Plurality Rule Under Siege, Paul Mitchell9. United States of America: Perpetual Campaigning in the Absence of Competition, Shaun Bowler, Todd Donovan, and Jennifer Van HeerdePart 3: Mixed Systems10. Germany: Stability and Strategy in a Mixed-Member Proportional System, Thomas Saalfeld11. Hungary: Holding Back the Tiers, Kenneth Benoit12. Italy: A Case of Fragmented Bipolarism, Roberto D'Alimonte13. Japan: Haltingly Toward a Two-Party System, Steven R. Reed14. New Zealand: The Consolidation of Reform?, Jack Vowles15. Russia: The Authoritarian Adaptation of an Electoral System, Stephen WhitePart 4: Closed List Systems16. Israel: The Politics of Extreme Proportionality, Gideon Rahat and Reuven Y. Hazan17. South Africa: One Party Dominance Despite Perfect Proportionality, Amanda Gouws and Paul Mitchell18. Spain: Proportional Representation with Majoritarian Outcomes, Jonathan HopkinPart 5: Preferential List Systems and PR-STV19. Austria: A Complex Electoral System with Subtle Effects, Wolfgang C. Müller20. Belgium: Empowering Voters or Party Elites?, Lieven De Winter21. Chile: The Unexpected (and Expected) Consequences of Electoral Engineering, Peter Siavelis22. Denmark: Simplicity Embedded in Complexity (or Is it the Other Way Round?), Jørgen Elklit23. Finland: One Hundred Years of Quietude, Tapio Raunio24. The Netherlands: The Sanctity of Proportionality, Rudy B. Andeweg25. Ireland: The Discreet Charm of PR-STV, Michael GallagherPart 6: Conclusion26. Conclusion, Michael GallagherAppendix A - The Mechanics of Electoral SystemsAppendix B - Indices of Fragmentation and DisproportionalityAppendix C: Effective Threshold and Effective District MagnitudeAppendix D: Values of Indices for 22 Countries at Most Recent ElectionAppendix E: Web Sites Related to Elections, Election Results, and Electoral Systems Show More