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Sludge: What Stops Us from Getting Things Done and What to Do about It

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The New York Times–bestselling author of Nudge reveals how we became so burdened by red tape and unnecessary paperwork—and why we must do better.

“If nudges have a mortal enemy, or perhaps the equivalent of antimatter to matter, it’s ‘sludge’.” —Forbes

We’ve all had to fight our way through administrative sludge—filling out complicated online forms, mailing in paperwork, standing in line at the motor vehicle registry. This kind of red tape is a nuisance, but, as Cass Sunstein shows in Sludge, it can also impair health, reduce growth, entrench poverty, and exacerbate inequality. Confronted by sludge, people just give up—and lose a promised outcome: a visa, a job, a permit, an educational opportunity, necessary medical help. In this lively and entertaining look at the terribleness of sludge, Sunstein explains what we can do to reduce it.

Because of sludge, Sunstein, explains, too many people don't receive benefits to which they are entitled. Sludge even prevents many people from exercising their constitutional rights—when, for example, barriers to voting in an election are too high. (A Sludge Reduction Act would be a Voting Rights Act.) Sunstein takes readers on a tour of the not-so-wonderful world of sludge, describes justifications for certain kinds of sludge, and proposes “Sludge Audits” as a way to measure the effects of sludge. On balance, Sunstein argues, sludge infringes on human dignity, making people feel that their time and even their lives don't matter. We must do better.

ISBN-13: 9780262545082

Media Type: Paperback

Publisher: MIT Press

Publication Date: 09-06-2022

Pages: 166

Product Dimensions: 5.25(w) x 8.00(h) x 0.49(d)

Cass R. Sunstein is Robert Walmsley University Professor at Harvard Law School and Chair of the Technical Advisory Group on Behavioral Insights and Sciences at the World Health Organization. He is the author of The Cost-Benefit Revolution, How Change Happens, Too Much Information, Sludge (all published by the MIT Press), Nudge (with Richard H. Thaler), and other books.

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

“Sludge  prevents people from accessing things—money, resources—that they are entitled to, but it hurts vulnerable populations even more. Sunstein provides an excellent treatise on how to combat the evil cousin of ‘nudge’!”
Dilip Soman, Canada Research Chair in Behavioral Sciences and Economics, University of Toronto
 
“For those doing battle with procedural waste, persistent inequality, or demotivation, Sludge offers an indispensable set of tools to remove sticky impediments—and a lens that will the change the way we develop, implement, and assess policy.”
Cait Lamberton, Alberto I. Duran President’s Distinguished Professor of Marketing, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvani
 
“In this eminently readable and important book, Cass Sunstein details the little frictions—be they incomprehensible forms or hours spent in the rain waiting to vote—that stop us from getting what we want, including how sludge can steal our time, and even our dignity, in the process. Sludge should be required reading for anyone interested in public policy.”
Pamela Herd, Professor of Public Affairs, McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University
 
“In Sludge, Cass Sunstein exposes the red tape that permeates our daily lives. He shows that some of it is unavoidable but much of it can be reduced or eliminated. Doing so would not simply make the lives of businesses, farmers, doctors, students, and the poor more productive; it would save lives, strengthen our democracy, and make life more enjoyable. Sludge is gracefully written and very compelling.”
—John D. Graham, Professor of Public Affairs, Indiana University, and former U.S. Office of Management and Budget “regulatory czar”

Table of Contents

Preface ix
1 A Curse 1
2 Sludge Hurts 21
3 Sludge as Architecture 35
4 Sludge in Action 45
5 Reasons for Sludge 73
6 Sludge Audits 91
7 The Most Precious Commodity 109
Acknowledgments 113
Notes 115
Index 141