Table of Contents
Introduction xiii
The Flashcard App-with Audio! xv
Author's Note xvii
1 Meeting People 1
Greetings 2
Responding to Greetings 3
Eye Contact and Facial Expressions 6
Introducing Yourself 7
Expressions to Use When Introducing Yourself 7
Body Language to Use When Introducing Yourself 9
Saying Goodbye 10
Small Talk 11
Topics for Small Talk 11
Success Strategy: Naming the Elephant 13
Simple Present Tense: Asking and Answering Questions 14
Forming Yes/No Questions 14
Forming Contractions 17
Answering Yes/No Questions 18
Forming Information Questions 21
Dialogues: Greeting and Meeting People 24
Lecture: Time Zones in the United States 25
Success Strategy: Strengthen Your Listening, Speaking, and Pronunciation 26
Exercises 27
2 Talking About Habits, Routines, Customs, and Schedules 31
Simple Present Verb Tense 32
Simple Present Tense: Forming the Affirmative 34
Pronunciation: Three -s Ending Sounds 36
Simple Present Tense: Forming the Negative 38
Simple Present Tense; Forming Contractions with the Negative BE Verb 38
Indicating Frequency 41
Expressions of Time 42
Simple Present Tense: Using Tag Questions 45
Using Intonation with Tag Questions 45
Using Affirmative or Negative with Tag Questions 46
Forming Tag Questions with a BE Verb 48
Forming Tag Questions with All Other Verbs 48
Answering Tag Questions 49
More on Tag Questions 49
Using the Simple Present Tense for Schedules 51
Vocabulary: Public Transportation and Schedules 53
Vocabulary: Expressions of Time Used for Schedules 54
Dialogue: Clubs in School 55
Lecture: Holiday Customs in the United States 56
Success Strategy: Shadowing-a Listening Technique 59
How to Shadow 60
Helpful Tips 60
Exercises 61
3 Describing People, Places, and Things 69
Describing Location and Quantity with There Is / There Are 70
Forming the Affirmative 71
Forming the Negative 77
Forming Yes/No Questions 78
Forming WH Questions of Location 79
Forming WH Questions of Quantity 80
Using Adjectives to Describe People, Places, and Things 81
Word Order 82
Comparatives and Superlatives 83
Using -ed and -ing Forms of Adjectives 86
Using Adverbs to Intensify 87
Using Adverbs to Limit 89
Using imperatives 91
Forming Imperatives 91
Forming Negative Imperatives 93
Requesting and Giving Instructions and Directions 94
Asking for instructions 94
Asking for Directions 95
Checking Your Understanding 98
Asking for Repetition 98
Paraphrasing to Check Your Understanding 101
Dialogue: At the Bus Station 104
Lecture: Languages in the United States 106
Success Strategy: Reading Comprehension Through Context Clues of Contrast 108
Exercises 111
4 Nouns and Pronouns 125
Nouns 126
Common Nouns vs. Proper Nouns 127
Count vs. Noncount Nouns 128
Nouns That Can Be Either Count or Noncount Nouns 130
Quantifiers with Noncount Nouns 130
Determiners with Nouns 131
How Many vs. How Much 133
Plural Count Nouns 134
Definite vs. Indefinite Articles 135
A vs. An 136
When to Use Definite and Indefinite Articles 137
Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives 139
Subject Pronouns 140
Object Pronouns 141
Possessive Adjectives 144
Possessive Pronouns 146
Reflexive Pronouns 148
Demonstrative Adjectives 151
Demonstrative Pronouns 153
Dialogue: The Science Lab 155
Lecture: Star Wars 157
Exercises 158
5 Talking About Ongoing Activities 173
Present Progressive Verb Tense 174
Forming the Present Progressive Tense 174
Expressions of Time 175
Present Progressive Tense: Forming the Affirmative 175
Present Progressive Tense Timeline 176
Present Progressive Tense: Forming the Negative 178
Forming Negative Contractions 179
Present Progressive Tense: Forming Yes/No Questions 181
Answering Yes/No Questions 182
Active vs. Stative Verbs 184
Verbs That Can Be Stative or Active 185
Present Progressive Tense: Forming WH Questions 187
Forming Who Questions 188
Present Progressive Tense: Using Tag Questions 189
Using Intonation with Tag Questions 190
Forming Affirmative and Negative Tag Questions 190
Using Articles 192
Dialogue: The Internship 193
Lecture: Carhenge 194
Success Strategy: Using Tracking 195
How to Track 195
Exercises 197
6 Talking About Past Activities 211
Simple Past Verb Tense 212
Simple Past Tense Timeline 213
Expressions of Time 215
Simple Past Tense: Regular vs. Irregular Verbs 215
The Most Common Irregular Verbs 216
Simple Past Tense: Forming the Affirmative 218
Forming Regular Verbs 219
Three Different Sounds for -ed Endings for Regular Verbs 220
Simple Past Tense: Forming the Negative 223
Forming Negative Contractions 223
Simple Past Tense: Forming Yes/No Questions 224
Answering Yes/No Questions 225
Simple Past Tense: Forming WH Questions 226
Forming Who Questions 227
Simple Past Tense: Using Tag Questions 228
Using Intonation with Tag Questions 229
Forming Affirmative and Negative Tag Questions 229
Dialogue: What Did You Do Last Weekend? 231
Lecture: The California Gold Rush 232
Success Strategy: Building Your Vocabulary 234
Exercises 236
7 Simple Sentences 247
Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) 248
How to Identify the SVO 249
Direct vs. Indirect Objects 252
Transitive vs. Intransitive Verbs 254
Subject-Verb-Complement (SVC) 257
How to Identify an SVC Sentence 258
Simple Sentences 260
Compound Subjects and Predicates 264
Patterns of a Simple Sentence 264
Simple Sentences vs. Compound Sentences 265
Lecture: The Grand Canyon 266
Success Strategy: Discovering Meaning with Context Clues for Examples 267
Exercises 269
8 Talking About Future Activities 277
Simple Future Verb Tense 278
Simple Future Tense Timeline 279
Expressions of Time 281
Choosing Which Form to Use 282
Simple Future Tense: Forming the Affirmative 283
Simple Future Tense: Forming the Negative 285
Forming Negative Statements and Contractions with BE going to 286
Simple Future Tense: Forming Yes/No Questions 287
Answering Yes/No Questions 289
Simple Future Tense: Forming WH Questions 291
Simple Future Tense: Using Tag Questions 294
How to Use Tag Questions 295
Forming Affirmative and Negative Tag Questions 296
Future Progressive Verb Tense 297
Choosing Between Simple Future and Future Progressive 298
Future Progressive Tense: Forming The Affirmative 300
Future Progressive Tense: Forming The Negative 301
Future Progressive Tense: Forming Yes/No Questions 301
Answering Yes/No Questions 302
Future Progressive Tense: Forming WH Questions 303
Answering WH Questions 304
Future Progressive Tense: Using Tag Questions 304
Forming Affirmative and Negative Tag Questions 305
Success Strategy: Asking for Repetition 306
Dialogue: Project Planning 308
Exercises 309
9 Connecting the Past and the Present 327
Present Perfect Verb Tense 328
Deciding When to Use the Present Perfect Tense 329
Choosing Among Present Perfect and Other Verb Tenses 332
Expressions of Time 337
Present Perfect Tense: Forming the Affirmative 341
Forming Past Participles: Regular Verbs 341
Forming Past Participles: Irregular Verbs 342
Present Perfect Tense: Forming the Negative and Contractions 344
Present Perfect Tense: Forming Yes/No Questions 344
Answering Yes/No Questions 345
Present Perfect Tense: Forming WH Questions 347
Forming Who Questions 348
Answering WH Questions 348
Present Perfect Tense: Using Tag Questions 349
Using Intonation with Tag Questions 350
Forming Affirmative and Negative Tag Questions 350
Present Perfect Progressive Verb Tense 351
Deciding When to Use the Present Perfect Progressive Tense 352
Present Perfect Progressive Tense: Forming the Affirmative 355
Present Perfect Progressive Tense: Forming Yes/No Questions 356
Answering Yes/No Questions 356
Present Perfect Progressive Tense: Forming WH Questions 358
Answering WH Questions 359
Present Perfect Progressive Tense: Using Tag Questions 360
Forming Affirmative and Negative Tag Questions 360
Choosing Among Present Perfect Progressive and Other Verb Tenses 361
Success Strategy: Agreeing and Disagreeing Politely 365
Success Strategy: Supporting Your Ideas 368
Dialogue: Class Discussion on School Uniforms 369
Lecture: School Uniforms Exercises 371
Exercises 373
10 Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences 389
Compound Sentences 390
How to Identify a Compound Sentence 391
Complex Sentences 396
How to Identify a Complex Sentence 397
Adverb Clauses 399
Adverb Clauses of Time 402
Adverb Clauses of Condition 409
Models 417
Adjective Clauses 420
How to Form Adjective Clauses 423
Relative Pronouns 427
Noun Clauses 436
Compound-Complex Sentences 439
Success Strategy: Talking About Similarities and Differences 442
Exercises 444
11 Writing Paragraphs and Essays 457
The Writing Process 458
Considering Purpose 458
Prewriting 459
Drafting 460
Revising 461
Editing 462
Publishing 462
The Classic Five-Paragraph Essay Structure 463
Introduction 463
Body Paragraphs 464
Conclusion 465
Transitions 465
Example Writing Assignment 466
Example: Five-Paragraph Essay 467
Exercises 470
Answer Key 473
Appendix: Supporting Material 557
