Table of Contents
Introduction 8
Euclid: Geometry 14
Archimedes: Value of pi 16
Eratosthenes: The size and shape of the Earth 18
Seleucus of Seleucia: Moon's effect on the tides 20
Ptolemy: Prediction of planetary movements 22
Omar Khayyam: Length of the calendar year 24
Shen Kuo: True North 26
Fibonacci: Numbers 28
Roger Bacon: Optical theory 30
Jean Buridan: Theory of impetus 32
Nicolaus Copernicus: A heliocentric universe 34
Tycho Brahe: Observation of a supernova 36
Johannes Kepler: The elliptical orbit of planets 38
William Gilbert: The Earth's magnetic field 40
Galileo Galilei: Laws of falling bodies 42
William Harvey: Blood circulation 44
Pierre de Fermat: Fermat's Last Theorem 46
Isaac Newton: Laws of motion 48
Robert Boyle: Law of gasses 50
Robert Hooke: The biological cell 52
Nicolas Steno: Fossil theory 54
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: Bacteria 56
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit: Temperature scale 58
Carl Linnaeus: A system of classification of the natural world 60
Daniel Bernoulli: The Bernoulli principle 62
Anders Celsius: Celsius temperature scale 64
Charles Messier: A catalogue of astronomical objects 66
Joseph Black: Carbon dioxide 68
Antoine Lavoisier: Law of conservation of gases 70
William Herscheh Uranus 72
Caroline Herschel: Comets 74
Jacques Charles: Law of ideal gases 76
Carl Friedrich Gauss: Number theory 78
Alesandro Volta: Chemical generation of electricity 80
Humphry Davy: Anaesthetic effect of nitrous oxide 82
John Dalton: Atomic theory 84
Amedeo Avogadro: Avogadro's law of gases 86
Hans Christian Ørsted: Electromagnetism 88
Georg Ohm: Ohm's Law 90
Robert Brown: Brownian motion 92
Michael Faraday: Electromagnetic induction 94
Christian Doppler: The Doppler Effect 96
James Prescott Joule: Laws on the conservation of energy 98
William Thomson: Definition of absolute zero 100
Rudolph Virchow: Cellular pathology 102
August Kekulé: Atom bonding and carbon rings 104
Charles Darwin: Theory of evolution by natural selection 106
Louis Pasteur: Germ theory 108
James Clerk Maxwell: Theory of electromagnestism 110
Rudolf Clausius: Entropy 112
Gregor Mendel: Genetics 114
Dmitri Mendeleev: The Periodic Table 116
John Ambrose Fleming: Fleming's left-hand and right-hand rule 118
Heinrich Hertz: Radio waves 120
Friedrich Reinitzer: Liquid crystals 122
Santiago Ramón y Cajal: Neuron theory 124
Dmitri Ivanovsky: Viruses 126
Wilhelm Röntgen: X-rays 128
Svante Arrhenius: Link between CO2 and global temperature 130
Marie Curie: Theory of radioactivity 132
Karl Landsteiner: Blood groups 134
Max Planck & Wolfgang Pauli: Quantum theory 136
Ernest Starling & William Bayliss: The first hormone, secretin 138
Albert Einstein: Special and general relativity 140
Ernest Rutherford: Atomic nucleus 142
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes: Superconductivity 144
Alfred Wegener: Continental drift 146
Henry Moseley: Atomic numbers 148
Niels Bohr: Model for the atom 150
Edwin Hubble: Galaxies beyond the Milky Way 152
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin: Composition of the Sun 154
Erwin Schrodinger: The Schrodinger equation 156
Werner Heisenberg: The Uncertainty Principle 158
Georges Lemaitre: Big Bang theory 160
Alexander Fleming: Penicillin 162
C. V. Raman: Light imparts energy to molecules 164
Subrahraanyan Chandrasekhar: Massive stars can collapse under their own gravity 166
Linus Pauling: Valence bond theory 168
James Chadwick: The neutron 170
Ernest Walton & John Cockroft: Nuclear fission by proton bombardment 172
Fritz Zwicky: Dark matter 174
Hans Krebs: The Krebs Cycle 176
B. F. Skinner: Operant behaviourism 178
Enrico Fermi: Nuclear fission by neutron irradiation 180
Stanley Miller: Origins of life on Earth 182
Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins, James Watson & Francis Crick: DNA structure 184
Frederick Sanger: Sequence of amino acids in insulin 186
Yang Chen-Ning and Lee Tsung-Dao: The non-conservation of parity in weak nuclear interactions of particles 188
Jane Goodall: Social structure in primates 190
Murray Gell-Mann & George Zweig: Quarks and gluons 192
Peter Higgs: The Higgs boson elementary particle 194
Jocelyn Bell-Burnell: Neutron stars 196
John O'Keefe: Place cells in the brain 198
Louise Webster & Paul Murdin: Black holes 200
Russell Alan Hulse & Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr: Gravitational waves 202
Benoit Mandelbrot: Fractal geometry 204
Polly Matzinger: The danger model in the immune system 206
Adam Reiss: Dark energy 208
Andre Geim & Konstantin Novoselov: Graphene 210
Özlem Türeci and Ugur Sahin: mRNA vaccine 212
Index 216
