|
Preface |
xi |
|
Acknowledgements |
xiv |
|
Preface to the Second Edition |
xv |
|
Preface to the Third Edition |
xvii |
|
Introduction: On the Sources of Knowledge and of Ignorance |
3 |
|
Conjectures |
|
1 |
Science: Conjectures and Refutations |
43 |
Appendix |
Some Problems in the Philosophy of Science |
78 |
2 |
The Nature of Philosophical Problems and their Roots in Science |
87 |
3 |
Three Views Concerning Human Knowledge |
130 |
1 |
The Science of Galileo and Its Most Recent Betrayal |
130 |
2 |
The Issue at Stake |
134 |
3 |
The First View: Ultimate Explanation by Essences |
139 |
4 |
The Second View: Theories as Instruments |
144 |
5 |
Criticism of the Instrumentalist View |
149 |
6 |
The Third View: Conjectures, Truth, and Reality |
153 |
4 |
Towards a Rational Theory of Tradition |
161 |
5 |
Back to the Presocratics |
183 |
Appendix |
Historical Conjectures and Heraclitus on Change |
206 |
6 |
A Note on Berkeley as Precursor of Mach and Einstein |
224 |
7 |
Kant's Critique and Cosmology |
237 |
1 |
Kant and the Enlightenment |
238 |
2 |
Kant's Newtonian Cosmology |
240 |
3 |
The Critique and the Cosmological Problem |
241 |
4 |
Space and Time |
242 |
5 |
Kant's Copernican Revolution |
244 |
6 |
The Doctrine of Autonomy |
246 |
8 |
On the Status of Science and of Metaphysics |
249 |
1 |
Kant and the Logic of Experience |
249 |
2 |
The Problem of the Irrefutability of Philosophical Theories |
261 |
9 |
Why are the Calculi of Logic and Arithmetic Applicable to Reality? |
272 |
10 |
Truth, Rationality, and the Growth of Scientific Knowledge |
291 |
1 |
The Growth of Knowledge: Theories and Problems |
291 |
2 |
The Theory of Objective Truth: Correspondence to the Facts |
302 |
3 |
Truth and Content: Verisimilitude versus Probability |
309 |
4 |
Background Knowledge and Scientific Growth |
322 |
5 |
Three Requirements for the Growth of Knowledge |
326 |
Appendix |
A Presumably False yet Formally Highly Probable Non-Empirical Statement |
336 |
|
Refutations |
|
11 |
The Demarcation Between Science and Metaphysics |
341 |
1 |
Introduction |
342 |
2 |
My Own View of the Problem |
344 |
3 |
Carnap's First Theory of Meaninglessness |
349 |
4 |
Carnap and the Language of Science |
356 |
5 |
Testability and Meaning |
368 |
6 |
Probability and Induction |
377 |
12 |
Language and the Body-Mind Problem |
395 |
1 |
Introduction |
395 |
2 |
Four Major Functions of Language |
397 |
3 |
A Group of Theses |
398 |
4 |
The Machine Argument |
399 |
5 |
The Causal Theory of Naming |
401 |
6 |
Interaction |
402 |
7 |
Conclusion |
402 |
13 |
A Note on the Body-Mind Problem |
403 |
14 |
Self-Reference and Meaning in Ordinary Language |
409 |
15 |
What is Dialectic? |
419 |
1 |
Dialectic Explained |
419 |
2 |
Hegelian Dialectic |
435 |
3 |
Dialectic After Hegel |
445 |
16 |
Prediction and Prophecy in the Social Sciences |
452 |
17 |
Public Opinion and Liberal Principles |
467 |
1 |
The Myth of Public Opinion |
467 |
2 |
The Dangers of Public Opinion |
470 |
3 |
Liberal Principles: A Group of Theses |
471 |
4 |
The Liberal Theory of Free Discussion |
473 |
5 |
The Forms of Public Opinion |
475 |
6 |
Some Practical Problems: Censorship and Monopolies of Publicity |
475 |
7 |
A Short List of Political Illustrations |
476 |
8 |
Summary |
476 |
18 |
Utopia and Violence |
477 |
19 |
The History of Our Time: An Optimist's View |
489 |
20 |
Humanism and Reason |
506 |
|
Addenda: Some Technical Notes |
517 |
1 |
Empirical Content |
517 |
2 |
Probability and the Severity of Tests |
522 |
3 |
Verisimilitude |
527 |
4 |
Numerical Examples |
535 |
5 |
Artificial vs. Formalized Languages |
537 |
6 |
A Historical Note on Verisimilitude (1964) |
538 |
7 |
Some Further Hints on Verisimilitude (1968) |
541 |
8 |
Further Remarks on the Presocratics, especially on Parmenides (1968) |
545 |
9 |
The Presocratics: Unity or Novelty? (1968) |
556 |
10 |
An Argument, due to Mark Twain, against Naive Empiricism (1989) |
557 |
|
Index of Mottoes |
558 |
|
Index of Names |
559 |
|
Index of Subjects |
567 |