Table of Contents
Preface 11
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Chemistry: The Science of Chemistry 13
Lesson 1-1 Classification of Matter 13
Lesson 1-2 Phases of Matter 19
Lesson 1-3 Chemical and Physical Properties 23
Lesson 1-4 Chemical and Physical Changes 25
Lesson 1-5 Energy and Chemical Reactions 28
Chapter 2 Measurements and Calculations 39
Lesson 2-1 The International System of Measurements (SI) 39
Lesson 2-2 Measuring Matter 44
Lesson 2-3 Uncertainty in Measurements 47
Lesson 2-4 Calculating with Significant Digits 50
Lesson 2-5 The Factor-Label Method 54
Lesson 2-6 Density Calculations 59
Chapter 3 Atomic Structure 73
Lesson 3-1 Modern Atomic Theory and Model 73
Lesson 3-2 Elemental Symbols 77
Lesson 3-3 Quantum Numbers 82
Lesson 3-4 Electron Configuration 85
Lesson 3-5 Orbital Notation 93
Lesson 3-6 Lewis Dot Notation 96
Lesson 3-7 The Periodic Table of Elements 99
Chapter 4 Bonding and Molecular Structure 113
Lesson 4-1 Types of Bonds 113
Lesson 4-2 Ionic vs. Molecular Compounds 117
Lesson 4-3 Lewis Dot Diagrams for Compounds 120
Lesson 4-4 Structural Formulas 124
Lesson 4-5 Geometry of Molecules 131
Lesson 4-6 Polarity of Molecules 133
Chapter 5 Chemical Formulas 143
Lesson 5-1 Oxidation Numbers 143
Lesson 5-2 Writing Chemical Formulas 146
Lesson 5-3 Naming Compounds 150
Lesson 5-4 Molecular and Empirical Formulas 154
Lesson 5-5 Molecular and Formula Mass 157
Lesson 5-6 Using Coefficients With Formulas 159
Chapter 6 Chemical and Nuclear Reactions 173
Lesson 6-1 Balancing Chemical Equations 173
Lesson 6-2 Classifying Chemical Reactions 180
Lesson 6-3 Ionic Equations 183
Lesson 6-4 Oxidation and Reduction Reactions 189
Lesson 6-5 Nuclear Reactions 194
Chapter 7 Stoichiometry 207
Lesson 7-1 The Mole 207
Lesson 7-2 Molar Conversions 211
Lesson 7-3 Mole-Mole Problems 219
Lesson 7-4 Mass-Mass Problems 222
Lesson 7-5 Mixed Mass-Volume Problems 228
Lesson 7-6 Volume-Volume Problems 232
Chapter 8 Gases 251
Lesson 8-1 Measuring Gas Pressure 251
Lesson 8-2 Boyle's Law 254
Lesson 8-3 Charles's Law 257
Lesson 8-4 Dalton's Law 261
Lesson 8-5 Combined Gas Law 264
Lesson 8-6 Graham's Law 267
Lesson 8-7 Ideal Gas Law 270
Chapter 9 Solutions, Acids, and Bases 285
Lesson 9-1 Solutions 285
Lesson 9-2 Properties of Acids and Bases 293
Lesson 9-3 Naming Acids 299
Lesson 9-4 Theories of Acids and Bases 302
Lesson 9-5 Strengths of Acids and Bases 308
Lesson 9-6 Acid-Base Titrations 311
Glossary 323
Index 329
About the Author 335